Khunu Lama Tenzin Gyaltsen 昆努喇嘛滇津．蔣稱
Khunu Lama Tenzin Gyaltsen (Wyl. khu nu bla ma bstan 'dzin rgyal mtshan) (1895-1977) — a teacher of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, especially for the Bodhicharyavatara, for which he held Patrul Rinpoche’s lineage, having received it from one of the great khenpos at Dzogchen monastery.
昆努喇嘛丹津．嘉參(1895-1977)為達賴喇嘛的上師之一，特別是在教授《入菩薩行論》方面，他從佐欽寺（竹慶寺）的一位大堪布領受此法，所以擁有巴楚仁波切的傳承。
Biography傳記
Khunu Lama was born in 1895 in a small village called Sumnam in the Kinnaur Valley in modern day Himachal Pradesh. His father's family was Nyingma and his mother's was Drukpa Kagyü. As a young boy he was sent to his mother's family, where he began his studies under his maternal uncle, Rasvir Das. He went on to study with Sonam Gyaltsen, a student of Tokden Shakya Shri.
昆努喇嘛在1895年出生於今日印度喜馬偕爾邦金瑙爾山谷一個名為松南的小村落。父親的家族屬於寧瑪派，母親的家族則屬於竹巴噶舉。年幼時即被送至母親的娘家，開始從學於舅舅拉斯弗．達斯（Rasvir Das）。之後則從學於夏迦師利大瑜伽士的弟子索南．嘉參（Sonam Gyaltsen）。
In 1913, he went to Gangtok, where he met the great literary scholar and grammarian Orgyen Tendzin Rinpoche (1863-1936), who had travelled in Tibet and spent time at Tsurpu Monastery. Khunu Lama spent three years studying Sanskrit grammar with Orgyen Tendzin in Rumtek. He then went to Tashilhunpo Monastery in Shigatse, where he continues his studies of grammar and poetry and also began his serious study of buddhist philosophy. After three years there, he went to Lhasa where he studied further and also taught literary sciences at the famous Medical and Astrological centre and was a tutor to several noble families. At Drikung Til, he studied with the accomplished Drikung master Drubwang Amgön Rinpoche. He also studied Mahamudra at a Drukpa Kagyü centre called Khamda, and he studied at the three main Gelugpa monasteries of Drepung, Sera and Ganden.
他在1913年前往錫金甘托克，遇見曾經廣遊西藏且待在楚布寺一段時間的大文學者與文法家烏金．丹增仁波切（Orgyen Tendzin Rinpoche,1863-1936）。昆努喇嘛在隆德寺向烏金．丹增仁波切學習梵文文法三年，接著到日喀則的扎什倫布寺繼續研修文法與詩詞，並開始嚴密學習佛法哲理。他在那裡三年後，接著到拉薩進一步修習，並在著名的「藏醫曆算學院」教授「聲明」（五明之一），且為不少貴族擔任家教。在直貢梯寺，他跟著直貢大成就者竹旺．安貢仁波切學習。他也在竹巴噶舉的康達中心修習大手印，並就學於格魯派的三大佛學院－哲蚌寺、色拉寺、甘丹寺。
At the request of the Sixth Panchen Lama, Chökyi Nyima (1883-1937), he returned to Tashilhunpo and taught there at the school for prospective civil servants. It was there that he met Katok Situ Chökyi Gyatso, who was on pilgrimage in Central Tibet.
由於第六世班禪喇嘛卻吉．尼瑪（1883-1937）的請託，他回到札什倫布寺並擔任培育未來政府閣員學校的老師。他於該處遇見正要前往中藏朝聖的噶陀．錫杜．卻吉．嘉措。
In the early 1920s, Khunu Lama travelled to Kham, where he stayed for approximately fourteen years. During this time he studied with Katok Situ Chökyi Gyatso, Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö, Khenpo Shenga, Minyak Kunzang Sönam, Khenpo Kunpal, Khenpo Jamyang Gyaltsen, and many other masters from all schools. He also taught Sanskrit to Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche and Dezhung Rinpoche.
昆努喇嘛於1920年早期到了康區，約莫在那裡待了十四年。期間，他從學於噶陀．錫杜．卻吉．嘉措、蔣揚．確吉．羅卓、堪布賢噶、明雅．昆桑．索南、堪布袞巴（袞桑．巴登）、堪布蔣揚．嘉參，以及許多其他各派的上師。他亦曾為頂果欽哲仁波切和德松仁波切教導梵文。
Sogyal Rinpoche writes: 索甲仁波切寫道：
- Eventually he did return to India, where he lived as a true ascetic. When my master and I came to India on pilgrimage after leaving Tibet, we searched for him everywhere in Benares. Finally we found him staying in a Hindu temple. No one knew who he was, or even that he was a Buddhist, let alone that he was a master. They knew him as a gentle, saintly yogin, and they offered him food. Whenever I think of him, I always say to myself, "This is what St. Francis of Assisi must have been like."
最後他回到印度，過著真正苦行僧的生活。當我和上師離開西藏並前往印度朝聖時，我們在瓦拉納西（Benares為古名）到處找他。最後終於發現，原來他待在一間印度寺廟裡。沒有人認識他，甚至不知道他是佛教徒，更不用說還曉得他是一位大師。他們只知道他是位溫和、神聖的瑜珈士，並供養食物給他。每當我想起他時，我總是對自己說：「聖方濟．亞西西肯定也是像這樣吧。」
Writings著作
- The Jewel Lamp: A Praise of Bodhichitta (Wyl. byang chub sems kyi bstod pa rin chen sgron ma) (translated as Vast as the Heavens, Deep as the Sea see below)
《菩提心讚．寶燈論》（英文書名：如天廣．如海深）
Further Reading延伸閱讀
《大成就者列傳》之〈昆努喇嘛丹津．嘉參〉篇，朗欽加布仁波切口述 http://wisdombox.org/Kunu_rinpoche_t.pdf
In English
- Annabella Pitkin, 'Cosmopolitanism in the Himalayas: the intellectual and spiritual journeys of Khu nu bLa ma sTan [sic] 'dzin rgyal mtshan and his Sikkimese teacher, Khang gsar ba bLa ma O rgyan bstan 'dzin Rin po che' in Bulletin of Tibetology, 2004 (November), Vol. 40 No.2
- Khunu Rinpoche, Vast as the Heavens, Deep as the Sea: Verses in Praise of Bodhicitta, Wisdom Pub., 1999.
- Sogyal Rinpoche, The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying, pages 113-114.
- Nyoshul Khenpo, A Marvelous Garland of Rare Gems: Biographies of Masters of Awareness in the Dzogchen Lineage, trans. Richard Barron (Junction City: Padma Publishing, 2005), pp.506-507.
In Tibetan
- K. Angrup Lahuli, Biography of Negi Lama Tenzin Gyaltsen (khu nu rin po che bstan 'dzin rgyal mtshan gyi mdzad rnam thar pa'i them skas), Sarnath: Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies, 2005.
