Rudra 魯札 / 我執魔

Rudra (Wyl. ru dra) is a demon who embodies egohood.
全名瑪暫魯札（matraṃ rudra 梵文音譯）：用來指稱「魯札」（又譯：樓陀羅，我執）弒母一事，因其吞噬（遮蔽）了母親（如來藏）。

Explanation

Khenpo Namdrol explains: In general there are three ways to explain rudras.
堪布南卓對魯札的開示：一般來說有三種解釋

1. The first identifies them as the Wrathful Herukas in the Akanishtha pure realm, who stand on top of the bodies of different beings in order to subjugate them. However, these are in fact sambhogakaya manifestations, despite having the name ‘rudra’ applied to them.
   首先是將其視為奧明淨土的忿怒相嘿嚕嘎，其站立在不同眾生的身體上，以便調伏之。然而他們雖有魯札之名，實際上卻為報身的示現。
2. The second are emanations emitted by buddhas and bodhisattvas, nirmanakaya manifestations who appear in the ‘fields’ of those needing training, in accordance with that particular field. In addition to emanations like Shakyamuni, there are also those who are outwardly disruptive, such as the disorderly monks emanated by Shakyamuni so that their transgressions could be used as an example of how not to act, and so become the basis for the rules of monastic discipline. However, these too are essentially pure emanations. These two types of rudra can therefore actually become objects of refuge.
   其次是將其視為諸佛菩薩顯現的化身，根據不同剎界的眾生而應機教化。在釋迦牟尼佛這樣的化身外，也有外表看來在製造紛亂的人，例如那些由釋迦牟尼佛所化現而不守戒律的僧人，以其破戒為借鏡來示現應有的作為，而成為寺院律儀的規範基礎。
3. The third type of rudra is essentially negative, and is a tangible being, reborn in a malignant form as a result of broken tantric commitments in previous lives. Such a rudra is usually accompanied by a retinue of other malignant beings, and as a group their main activity is to cause obstacles to the propagation of the teachings of the secret mantrayana.
   第三則屬本質惡劣者，為一種因前世破犯誓言而投生為外貌邪惡的有形眾生，通常伴隨著一群其他的邪惡眾生，主要行為是共同阻撓密咒乘教導的弘揚。

【譯註】參見法護老師《道次第．智藏疏》註解382：係違誓之一大力妖魔，鄔堅林巴伏藏《蓮華生大師本生傳》（貝瑪噶唐）第五品、第六品顯示調伏魯札生世品及馬亥降伏魯札品中敘述魯札本於過去普賢王教法後期，名都炯參地方，果噶拉長者子，名果貢吉，與其僕帕瑪德瓦二人求道於住持聖法比丘圖噶雄努，得名塔巴那波，僕得名滇帕，雖依同師，見行各異， 我慢念起，塔巴那波入歧途邪道，背師毀戒破誓、貪嗔熾起，恣行交合誅殺，命終墮地獄受苦終了，因曾行密法生起次第觀修，遂感生大力羅刹惡鬼，橫行作惡，佛觀因緣，為其師及滇帕灌頂勝住，令得金薩及金剛手果，承佛囑咐，以觀音及度母相，示現馬頭明王及亥母入其身軀降伏。

Further Reading

• Khenpo Namdrol, Vajrakilaya, Dharmakosha, 1997, pp. 19-31
• Freemantle, Francesca, Luminous Emptiness
• Chögyam Trungpa & Francesca Freemantle, translated with commentary, The Tibetan Book Of The Dead, pages 24-25.