Eighteen freedoms and advantages 八閒暇十圓滿

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Eighteen freedoms and advantages (Wyl. dal 'byor bco brgyad) — the eight freedoms and ten advantages which characterize a 'precious human birth'.

The Eight Freedoms 八閒暇

Freedom from the eight states where there is no opportunity to practise the Dharma: 離此八種狀態則有閒暇得以修持佛法（《親友書》云：「執邪倒見、生傍生，餓鬼、地獄、無佛教，及生邊地懱戾車，性為喑啞、長壽天。於隨一中受生已，名為八無暇過患，離此諸過得閒暇，故當策勵斷生死。」）

  1. hells 生於地獄道
  2. preta realms 生於餓鬼道
  3. animals 生於傍生道
  4. long-living gods 生於長壽天
  5. uncivilized lands 生邊地懱戾車
  6. incomplete faculties 性為喑啞
  7. with wrong views 執持邪見
  8. a buddha has not come 無佛出興於世

Commentary

Chökyi Drakpa says:

"Firstly, if you were born in the hell, preta or animal realms, you would suffer from intense heat and cold, from hunger and thirst, or from enslavement, and it would be impossible for you to practise the Dharma. If you were born amongst the long-living gods, it would also be impossible because you would not have any thought of practising the Dharma. The Buddha’s teachings are not found in uncivilized lands of the border regions, so living there is also an impossible state. Those with wrong views do not have any possibility of practising the Dharma because their minds are contaminated by false beliefs, and they are just like Devadatta or Lekpé Karma. If you were born in a world where a buddha had not come, or during a dark kalpa, it would be impossible because even the words “Three Jewels” would be unknown. If you were born incapable of understanding, it would be impossible to practise the Dharma because you would not be able to understand the meaning of the teachings. When you have a physical body that is free from these 'eight states where there is no chance for Dharma practice', it is known as possessing a support for Dharma practice complete with the eight freedoms."

Alternative Translations

  • Eight liberties

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The Ten Advantages 十圓滿

The Five Circumstantial Advantages 五種他圓滿

  1. 有佛出世 a buddha has come
  2. 佛已説法 he has taught the Dharma
  3. 教法住世 the teachings have survived
  4. 教導有人修持 there are followers of the teachings
  5. 環境利於修持 there are favourable conditions for Dharma practice

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The Five Personal Advantages 五種自圓滿

  1. 生而為人 being a human being
  2. 生於中土 born in a central land
  3. 諸根具足 with faculties intact
  4. 業未顛倒 lifestyle not harmful or wrong
  5. 信奉三藏 with faith in the three pitakas

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