頁面 "Sugata 善逝" 與 "Tulku 祖古 / 轉世" 間的差異

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'''Sugata''' [Skt.] (Tib. [[བདེ་བར་གཤེགས་པ་]], ''dewar shekpa''; [[Wyl.]] ''bde bar gshegs pa''). An epithet of the [[Buddha]], literally meaning 'gone to bliss'. [[Khenpo Appey]] explains the term as follows:
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'''Tulku''' ([[Wyl.]] ''sprul sku'') — an incarnation. The word literally means [[nirmanakaya]], but is used in common speech to refer to any incarnate [[lama]].
  
:"According to [[Dharmakirti]], there are three ways of understanding ''su'' or 'bliss': excellent, irreversible and complete. ''Gata'' or 'gone' has two meanings: abandonment and realization, meaning the abandonment of all flaws, and the realization of all that is to be known.  
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[[Penor Rinpoche]] writes:
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:Traditionally a tulku is considered to be a reincarnation of a Buddhist master who, out of his or her compassion for the suffering of [[sentient beings]], has vowed to take [[rebirth]] to help all beings attain [[enlightenment]]. To fulfill this aspiration, a tulku will generally need to go through the complete process of recognition, enthronement and training.
  
:So, in terms of realization, we can explain ''sugata'' as meaning excellent realization, irreversible realization and complete realization. In terms of abandonment, it means excellent abandonment, irreversible abandonment and complete abandonment.
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:Formal recognition generally occurs soon after a tulku has been identified, but only after other important lineage masters have been consulted. The newly identified tulku does not take on any formal responsibilities at the time of recognition.
  
:Excellent abandonment means that all the [[disturbing emotions]] have been abandoned. Disturbing emotions are desire, avarice, anger and so on. Complete abandonment means that the [[cognitive obscurations]] have also been abandoned. Cognitive obscurations are ordinary conceptual thought processes. Irreversible abandonment means that once these have been abandoned they will never return; they have been given up once and for all.
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:The next step of enthronement may or may not occur for a tulku, depending on the circumstances. Enthronement formally invests the tulku with the responsibility of furthering the activities associated with their particular tulku lineage. Thus, if there are specific teachings and practice traditions associated with their lineage, and if there are perhaps monks, nuns, monasteries, retreat centres, lay communities and so forth for which the tulku traditionally takes responsibility, then the tulku is formally vested with those responsibilities at the time of enthronement. In the event that an enthronement ceremony is conducted, it may take place soon after recognition or some years later. If the tulku is too young to assume their responsibilities upon enthronement, others may be entrusted to take on those responsibilities until the tulku is ready.
  
:Excellent realization means realization of the nature of reality. Complete realization means realization of all that can be known. Irreversible realization means realization that can never decline or diminish."
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:Finally, a tulku needs to complete a formal course of training which includes years of study and meditation. This training reawakens the tulku's powers of insight and compassion and develops their skillful means for helping others. It is only after such training that a tulku is ready to take on the role of a teacher.  
 
 
==Internal Links==
 
*[[Eight Sugatas]]
 
  
 
==Further Reading==
 
==Further Reading==
[[Khenpo Kunzang Palden|Khenpo Kunpal]], [[Drops of Nectar|''The Nectar of Manjushri's Speech'']], pp. 32-33, translated by Padmakara Translation Group. Published by Shambhala. ISBN 978-1-59030-439-6
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*[[Sogyal Rinpoche]], ''[[The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying]]'', revised and updated edition, Harper San Francisco, 2002, 'Reincarnations in Tibet', pages 103-105.
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*[[Jamgön Kongtrul Lodrö Thayé]], ''Enthronement—The Recognition of the Reincarnate Masters of Tibet and the Himalayas'', Snow Lion, 1997
  
 
[[Category:Key Terms]]
 
[[Category:Key Terms]]
 
[[Category:Titles]]
 
[[Category:Titles]]

於 2020年11月7日 (六) 16:04 的最新修訂

Tulku (Wyl. sprul sku) — an incarnation. The word literally means nirmanakaya, but is used in common speech to refer to any incarnate lama.

Penor Rinpoche writes:

Traditionally a tulku is considered to be a reincarnation of a Buddhist master who, out of his or her compassion for the suffering of sentient beings, has vowed to take rebirth to help all beings attain enlightenment. To fulfill this aspiration, a tulku will generally need to go through the complete process of recognition, enthronement and training.
Formal recognition generally occurs soon after a tulku has been identified, but only after other important lineage masters have been consulted. The newly identified tulku does not take on any formal responsibilities at the time of recognition.
The next step of enthronement may or may not occur for a tulku, depending on the circumstances. Enthronement formally invests the tulku with the responsibility of furthering the activities associated with their particular tulku lineage. Thus, if there are specific teachings and practice traditions associated with their lineage, and if there are perhaps monks, nuns, monasteries, retreat centres, lay communities and so forth for which the tulku traditionally takes responsibility, then the tulku is formally vested with those responsibilities at the time of enthronement. In the event that an enthronement ceremony is conducted, it may take place soon after recognition or some years later. If the tulku is too young to assume their responsibilities upon enthronement, others may be entrusted to take on those responsibilities until the tulku is ready.
Finally, a tulku needs to complete a formal course of training which includes years of study and meditation. This training reawakens the tulku's powers of insight and compassion and develops their skillful means for helping others. It is only after such training that a tulku is ready to take on the role of a teacher.

Further Reading