Five perfections 五圓滿／五決定
The five perfections (Tib. ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ལྔ་; Wyl. phun sum tshogs pa lnga) or five certainties (Tib. ངེས་པ་ལྔ། ; Wyl. nges pa lnga) are:
- the perfect teacher, (Tib. སྟོན་པ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་) 上師圓滿
- the perfect teaching, (Tib. ཆོས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་) 教法圓滿
- the perfect place, (Tib. གནས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་) 處所圓滿
- the perfect disciples (Tib. འཁོར་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་) 眷屬圓滿 and
- the perfect time. (Tib. དུས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་) 時間圓滿
According to the Shravakayana, this refers to the Buddha Shakyamuni and the various moments and geographical locations in which he expounded the dharma to his disciples. According to the Mahayana, this refers to the sambhogakaya buddhas such as Vairochana, expounding the teachings of the Great Vehicle in various buddha fields, in the eternal present beyond time, to a vast retinue of bodhisattvas residing on the tenth ground. In the latter case the five perfections are also called the five certainties. [1]
根據吉美林巴的《功德藏》，就聲聞乘來說，指的是釋迦牟尼佛與他對弟子傳法的種種不同時間和地理場所；就大乘來說，指的是毘廬遮那等報身佛於超越時間的恆時當下，在種種不同佛土，對廣大的十地菩薩眷屬講述大乘教導；以後者而言，五圓滿又稱為五決定。
References
- ↑ Jikmé Lingpa’s Treasury of Precious Qualities, page 413,Translated by the Padmakara Translation Group, published by Shambhala, ISBN 1-57062-598-0
Alternative Translations
- Five excellences (Padmakara Translation Group)
