Nine ways of resting the mind 九住心

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檔案:Shamatha Diagram small.jpg
Shamatha Meditation Diagram[1]

Nine ways of resting the mind (Tib. སེམས་གནས་པའི་ཐབས་དགུ་, sem nepé tab gu; Wyl. sems gnas pa’i thabs dgu) — whatever the object of our meditation, we pass through nine stages in the development of shamatha.

  1. Resting the Mind (Tib. འཇོག་པ་, jokpa) – focusing the mind upon an object [number 2 on the illustration]
  2. Resting the Mind Longer (Tib. རྒྱུན་དུ་འཇོག་པ་, gyündu jokpa) – maintaining that continuity [9]
  3. Continuously Resettling the Mind (Tib. བླན་ཏེ་འཇོག་པ་, len té jokpa) – whenever one forgets the object and becomes distracted one resettles the mind [13]
  4. Fully Settling the Mind (Tib. ཉེ་བར་འཇོག་པ་, nyewar jokpa) – by settling in that way, the mind becomes increasingly focused on the object [16]
  5. Taming the Mind (Tib. དུལ་བར་བྱེད་པ་, dulwar jepa) – by thinking of the qualities of samadhi, one feels greater joy for meditation [21]
  6. Pacification of the Mind (Tib. ཞི་བར་བྱེད་པ་, shyiwar jepa) – then seeing the faults of distraction, one’s dislike for meditation is pacified [22]
  7. Complete Pacification of the Mind (Tib. རྣམ་པར་ཞི་བར་བྱེད་པ་, nampar shyiwar jepa) – then whenever the cause of distraction, such as the subsidiary disturbing emotions or sleepiness or mental unease occur, they are completely pacified [24]
  8. One-pointedness (Tib. རྩེ་གཅིག་ཏུ་བྱེད་པ་, tsechik tu jepa) – then one attains some stability through applying the antidotes for distraction [26]
  9. Resting in Equanimity (Tib. མཉམ་པར་འཇོག་པ་བྱེད་པ་, nyampar jokpa jepa) – finally one is able to rest the mind on its object quite naturally, without resorting to any antidotes [28]

The ninth stage of resting the mind is also known as the ‘one-pointed mind of the desire realm’ (Tib. འདོད་སེམས་རྩེ་གཅིག་པ་, Wyl. ‘dod sems rtse gcig pa).

These are taken from Maitreya's Ornament of Mahayana Sutras (Skt. Mahayanasutralankara).

Six Powers

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These stages are accomplished through the six powers (Skt. ṣaḍbala; Tib. སྟོབས་དྲུག་, tob druk; Wyl. stobs drug):

瑜伽三十卷十頁云：當知此中，由六種力，方能成辦九種心住。一、聽聞力。二、思惟力。三、憶念力。四、正知力。五、精進力。六、串習力。初由聽聞思惟二力，數聞數思增上力故；最初令心於內境住，及即於此相續方便，澄淨方便，等遍安住。如是於內繫縛心已；由憶念力，數數作意，攝錄其心，令不散亂；安住、近住。從此已後，由正知力，調息其心；於其諸相，諸惡尋思，諸隨煩惱，不令流散；調順、寂靜。由精進力，設彼二種，暫現行時；能不忍受，尋即斷滅、除遣、變吐；最極寂靜，專注一趣。由串習力，等持成滿。

  1. Listening/study (Skt. śrūtabala; Tib. ཐོས་པ་, töpa; Wyl. thos pa) – ‘resting the mind’ is accomplished through listening to meditation instructions
  2. Reflection (Skt. āśayabala; Tib. བསམ་པ་, sampa; Wyl. bsam pa) – ‘resting the mind longer’ is accomplished through reflection and contemplation
  3. Mindfulness (Skt. smṛtibala; Tib. དྲན་པ་, drenpa; Wyl. dran pa) – through mindfulness one accomplishes ‘continuously resettling’ and ‘fully settling the mind’; whenever one is distracted one gathers the mind and slowly, through habituation, non-distraction occurs
  4. Awareness (Skt. saṃprajanyabala; Tib. ཤེས་བཞིན་, shé shyin; Wyl. shes bzhin) – through awareness one accomplishes ‘taming the mind’, ‘pacifying the mind’ and ‘completely pacifying the mind’; with joy for awareness and seeing the faults of succumbing to thoughts and negative emotions, one no longer falls prey to them
  5. Diligence (Skt. vīryabala; Tib. བརྩོན་འགྲུས་, tsöndrü; Wyl. brtson ‘grus) – through diligence one accomplishes ‘complete pacification’ and ‘one-pointedness’; even subtle thoughts and negative emotions are abandoned
  6. Complete familiarity (Skt. abhyasabala; Tib. ཡོངས་སུ་འདྲིས་པ་, yongsu dripa; Wyl. yongs su ‘dris pa) – the final stage of ‘resting in equanimity’ where the mind is unaffected by the obstacles of dullness or agitation is accomplished through complete familiarity.

Four Mental Engagements

All of these stages can be condensed into the four mental engagements (Tib. ཡིད་ལ་བྱེད་པ་བཞི་, yi la jepa shyi; Wyl. yid la byed pa bzhi):

瑜伽三十卷十一頁云：即於如是九種心住，當知復有四種作意。一、力勵運轉作意。二、有間缺運轉作意。三、無間缺運轉作意。四、無功用運轉作意。於內住、等住中，有力勵運轉作意。於安住、近住、調順、寂靜、最極寂靜中，有有間缺運轉作意。於專注一趣中，有無間缺運轉作意。於等持中，有無功用運轉作意。當知如是四種作意，於九種心住中，是奢摩他品。

  1. tightly focused engagement (Tib. བསྒྲིམས་ཏེ་འཇུག་པའི་ཡིད་བྱེད་, drim té jukpé yi jé) – relates to the first two stages of resting the mind
  2. interrupted engagement (Tib. ཆད་ཅིང་འཇུག་པའི་ཡིད་བྱེད་, ché ching jukpé yi jé) – this occurs from stage three to stage seven, when one is still susceptible to the obstacles of dullness and agitation and is therefore unable to abide for a long time
  3. uninterrupted engagement (Tib. ཆད་པར་མེད་པར་འཇུག་པའི་ཡིད་བྱེད་, chepar mepar jukpé yi jé – at stage eight one is able to remain unaffected by the obstacles of dullness and agitation without too much exertion
  4. effortless engagement (Tib. རྩོལ་བ་མེད་པར་འཇུག་པའི་ཡིད་བྱེད་, tsolwa mepar jukpé yi jé) – at the ninth stage one is able to maintain the practice effortlessly

Alternative Translations

  • Nine stages of resting the mind

Notes

  1. ↑ On a large scale, this picture depicts the complete process or path of shamatha. On a smaller scale, it illustrates the process we go through in almost every meditation session.

Internal Links

Further Reading

  • Dzogchen Ponlop, Wild Awakening (Boston & London: Shambhala, 2003), pages 100-109.
  • Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche, The Practice of Tranquility and Insight—A Guide to Tibetan Buddhist Meditation (Ithaca: Snow Lion Publications, 1993), pages 46-55.
  • Sogyal Rinpoche, A Treasury of Dharma (Lodeve: Rigpa, 2005), pages 206-225.
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