Twenty-one Indian Commentaries 二十一部印度論典

Prajñaparamita

Twenty-one Indian Commentaries (Wyl. rgya 'grel nyer gcig) —

There are twelve commentaries which combine sutras with the Abhisamayalankara, and nine which do not. Among the former group, four use the 25,000 Verses, three use the 8,000 Verse text, three use The Condensed Sutra, one uses the 100,000 Verses, and one uses the three texts of the 100,000 Verses, the 25,000 and the 8,000.

Firstly, the four are:

1. Arya Vimuktisena’s Illuminating the 25,000 Verses
2. Bhadanta Vimuktisena’s Commentary on the 25,000
3. Acharya Haribhadra’s Eight Chapters on the 25,000
4. Ratnakarashanti’s Pure 25,000 (Shuddhimati)

Secondly, the three are:

1. Acharya Haribhadra’s Light Ornament: A Great Commentary on the 8,000 Verses
2. Ratnakarashanti’s Supreme Essence (Sarottama)
3. Abhayakaragupta’s Moonlight of Points (Marmakaumudi)

Thirdly, the three are:

1. Acharya Haribhadra’s Easy-to-Comprehend Commentary on the Difficult Points of the Condensed Sutra
2. Buddhashrijñana’s Commentary on the Difficult Points of the Condensed Sutra
3. Kashmiri Dharmashri’s Key to the Treasury of Transcendent Wisdom

Fourthly, there is:

1. Explanation of the 100,000 said to be by Kashmiri Dharmashri.

Fifthly:

1. Teaching on the Three Renowned ‘Mother’ Scriptures in Conformity with the Eight Points said to be by Lord Smritijñanakirti.

Secondly, there are the nine which do not connect [the Abhisamayalankara] with sutras:

1. Acharya Haribhadra’s Clear Meaning Commentary
2. Dharmamitra’s Explanatory Commentary Clarifying the Words
3. Suvarnadvipa’s Light on the Difficult-to-Comprehend
4. Prajñakaramati’s,
5. Jowo Atisha’s and
6. Kumarashribhadra’s Three Essential Meanings
7. Ratnakirti’s Kirtikala
8. Kashmiri Buddhashrijñana’s Rosary of Liberating Wisdom
9. Abhayakaragupta’s Ornament of the Sage’s Realization

Among these, The Explanatory Commentary Clarifying the Words, Light on the Difficult-to-Comprehend, and Prajñakaramati’s Essential Meaning are commentaries on [Haribhadra’s] Clear Meaning Commentary.

It is explained in Drukpa Pema Karpo’s commentary on the prajñaparamita that Haribhadra and Prajñakaramati both saw Maitreya directly, and that Dharmamitra saw him in a dream.

Some assert that The Ascertainment of Suchness written by Noble Asanga is a commentary that combines sutra and Abhisamayalankara, and some even say that the Clear Meaning Commentary is a commentary combining sutra and Abhisamayalankara. This would mean that the number of commentaries combining sutras and Abhisamayalankara could not be fixed definitively at twelve, but since this would contradict what is generally accepted, it requires investigation. Scholars may take as an issue for further investigation the question of whether Kashmiri Buddhashri’s 100,000 Verse Commentary, Smritijñanakirti’s work on the Three Mother Scriptures in Comformity with the Eight Points, and Atisha’s Lamp of Essential Meaning are to be classified as the works of Indian Panditas or Tibetan Scholars.

Concerning which of those amongst these commentaries are particularly sublime, the great learned and accomplished Prajñarasmi said:

The progressive path from the hidden meaning of the middle turning,

Was elucidated by the Dharma Lord Ajita in Tushita.

In the Noble Land [of India] there were six transmissions

And many ways of commenting upon the intent of the Ornament,

But those commentaries of Arya [Vimuktisena] and Haribhadra are especially sublime.

Just as he says, one should rely mainly upon the commentaries of Vimuktisena and Haribhadra.