Dezhung Rinpoche 德松仁波切

Dezhung Rinpoche photo taken by Katherine Newbury

Dezhung Rinpoche (Tib. སྡེ་གཞུངས་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་, Wyl. sde gzhung rin po che) or Dezhung Lungrik Tulku Jampa Kunga Tenpé Nyima Rinpoche (Tib. སྡེ་གཞུང་ལུང་རིགས་ཀུན་དགའ་བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མ་) (1906-1987) — an important Sakya teacher renowned for his vast learning and realization, who lived the later part of his life, from 1960 onwards, in Seattle, USA, where he taught a number of the world's leading Tibetan scholars. He was a student of Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö and many other masters.

德松仁波切，也稱為德松．龍日．祖古．蔣巴．貢噶．滇貝．尼瑪仁波切（1906-1987），是薩迦派的重要上師，以其廣博的學識與證量聞名。仁波切晚年，從1960年開始，便長居於美國西雅圖，並在該處指導諸多世界一流的藏學研究者。他是蔣揚．欽哲．確吉．羅卓以及許多其他上師的弟子。

Biography

Dezhung Rinpoche was born in the Fire Horse year, 1906, in the Ga region of East Tibet, into a family famous for its skilled physicians. At the age of five, he appealed to his parents to be sent to a monastery so that he could devote his life to the Buddhist path. He was sent to live and study with his uncle, Ngawang Nyima, a monk who spent most of his life in retreat at Tharlam Monastery. At ten years old, he met the great Sakya master Jamgön Ngawang Lekpa, who had just emerged from a fifteen-year retreat. Dezhung Rinpoche regarded Ngawang Lekpa as his root guru and subsequently became his chief disciple, receiving novice monk's vows from him in 1921. His early education included instructions in the most important treatises of buddhist philosophy, as well as poetics and the mundane sciences. Among his teachers at this time were a Gelugpa lama, Lobsang Chökyi Gawa, and the great Khenpo Shenga.

1906年（藏曆火馬年），在東藏一處名為噶（Ga）的地區，德松仁波切誕生於一個以醫術精湛聞名的家族中。五歲時，仁波切就請求父母送他到寺院，讓他能夠畢生投入佛法修學中。仁波切被送到叔叔拿旺．寧瑪（Ngawang Nyima）處，一起居住並向叔叔學習。拿旺．寧瑪是一位出家僧人，他一生中的大部分時間都在塔蘭寺（Tharlam Monastery）閉關。十歲時，仁波切遇見了甫由十五年閉關出關的偉大薩迦上師蔣貢．拿旺．雷巴（Jamgön Ngawang Lekpa）。仁波切視拿旺．雷巴為根本上師，隨後成為拿旺．雷巴的首要弟子。1921年，仁波切從拿旺．雷巴處受沙彌戒。仁波切的早期教育包括了最重要的佛教義理論典、詩學以及世間學科。當時他的老師之中，還有一位格魯派的上師洛桑．確吉．嘎瓦（Lobsang Chökyi Gawa），以及偉大的賢嘎堪布（Khenpo Shenga）。

At eighteen he was enthroned as the third incarnation of Dezhung Lungrik Nyima, having been previously recognized as his incarnation by Jamgön Ngawang Lekpa. Respect for his root guru led Dezhung Rinpoche to choose as his personal practice the development of compassion through meditation on Avalokiteshvara. Following the guidance of his lama, he received extensive instruction and empowerments from over forty lamas including the renowned Rimé master, Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö. These teachings included the Sakya Lamdré and the Compendium of Sadhanas. He also completed over ten years of retreats and travelled widely throughout Tibet teaching and giving empowerments. At the time of Lekpa Rinpoche's passing, he appointed Dezhung Rinpoche to succeed him as abbot of Dezhung monastery. However, soon after that, Dezhung Rinpoche was forced to flee the country. In 1960, he accompanied Jigdal Dagchen Sakya and his family to the United States to participate in a research project on Tibetan culture and religion at the University of Washington in Seattle. During his more than twenty-year stay in America, he taught and gave empowerments extensively at teaching centres across the USA and Canada, and founded centres in New York, Minneapolis, Boston, Los Angeles, and Seattle. In 1986, Dezhung Rinpoche went to live at Tharlam monastery in Nepal, in order to teach and oversee the construction work. It was there that he passed away on May 16th, 1987, (the 18th day of the 3rd month of the Fire Rabbit year).

蔣貢．拿旺．雷巴早先已認證仁波切為德松．龍日．尼瑪的轉世，到了十八歲時，仁波切則正式陞座為第三世德松仁波切。由於對其根本上師的禮敬，仁波切選擇以禪修觀音生起悲心作為自己的主修法門。仁波切依循上師的指導，從四十多位喇嘛處領受了廣博的教學與灌頂，其中包括了著名的利美（Rimé，不分教派）上師蔣揚．欽哲．確吉．羅卓。這些教法包括了薩迦派的「道果」（Sakya Lamdré）及《成就法總集》（Compendium of Sadhanas）。仁波切還完成了超過十年的閉關，並且遍遊西藏各地給予教學及灌頂。雷巴仁波切圓寂時，指定德松仁波切繼任他而成為德松寺的住持。但是，不久之後，德松仁波切就被迫離開故土。1960年，仁波切伴隨薩迦達欽法王（Jigdal Dagchen Sakya）及其家人前往美國，參與西雅圖華盛頓大學的西藏文化與宗教研究計畫。仁波切旅居美國超過二十年，期間，仁波切經常前往美加各地的傳法中心給予教學與灌頂，並在紐約、明尼亞波利斯（中譯註：明尼蘇達洲）、波士頓、洛杉磯、西雅圖成立佛法中心。1986年，為了傳法並指導寺院施工，德松仁波切前往尼泊爾駐錫於塔蘭寺。1987年5月16日（火兔年3月18日），仁波切於該寺圓寂。

Further Reading

• David Jackson, Saint in Seattle: The Life of the Tibetan Mystic Dezhung Rinpoche (Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2003)

Publications

• Deshung Rinpoche, The Three Levels of Spiritual Perception (Boston: Wisdom, 1995, 2003)
• 德松仁波切，《三現分》（尚無中文版）。
• Dezhung Rinpoche, The Excellent Path of the Two Accumulations, Gorum Publications, Sakya Losal Choe Dzong, Canberra, June 2000.
• 喋雄龍日活佛貢嘎滇貝尼瑪整理，《吉祥薩迦派不共四加行》，澤仁札西堪布譯，南真寺出版。
• 德松龍利仁波切編，《吉祥薩迦派傳規之四加行作法．二資糧善道》，法護譯，中國藏密薩迦佛學會出版。
• Jamgon Kongtrul, The Torch of Certainty (Boston: Shambhala, 1977, 2000), which contains comments of Dezhung Rinpoche on the preliminary practices.
• 姜貢康楚仁波切，《了義炬》，鄭振煌譯（慧炬出版社, 2000），其中包括了德松仁波切關於前行的闡釋。

Tibetan Texts

• གསུང་འབུམ་།་ཀུན་དགའ་བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མ་, gsung 'bum / kun dga' bstan pa'i nyi ma

External Links

• TBRC Profile

Rigpa Wiki

Dezhung Rinpoche

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