檢視 Four modes 四法（通達佛典義藴的四個層次）的原始碼

The tantric teachings have meanings on many levels, so to unlock the accurate meaning of a [[tantra]] we must follow a series of methods which are known as the '''[[six limits]]''' and '''four modes'''. These ten approaches taken all together will bring out the perfect, accurate meaning of the tantra.

The six limits apply to how we understand the text as a whole and the four modes relate directly to the interpretation of each word and line. 

'''Four modes''' (Skt. ''caturvidha''; [[Wyl.]] ''tshul bzhi'') are:

#linguistic (or morphemic) (''tshig gi tshul'')
#general (''spyi'i tshul'')
#hidden (''sbas pa'i tshul'')
#ultimate (''mthar thug gi tshul'')

==Alternative Translations==
*Four programs of interpretation (Thurman)

*Four styles (Matthew Kapstein)

#lexical
#general
#concealed
#conclusive

*(Khenpo Palden Sherab &  Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal) 

#word meaning 

==Further Reading==
*Robert Thurman. 'Vajra Hermeneutics' in Donald S. Lopez (ed.), ''Buddhist Hermeneutics''. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1993
*Appendix 1. The Six Limits & Four Modes pp.161-166 in ''The Light of Wisdom Volume 1''. Root text by [[Padmasambhava]] and commentary by [[Jamgön Kongtrül]] the Great. Published by Shambhala Publications ISBN 0-87773-566-2
*Khenpo Palden Sherab &  Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal, ''[[Tara]]'s Enlightened Activity: an oral commentary on the [[Praises to the Twenty-One Taras|Twenty-one Praises to Tara]].'' Pages 35-37. ISBN 9781559392877

==Internal Links==
*[[Lamrim Yeshe Nyingpo]]
*[[Six limits]]

[[Category:Hermeneutics]]
[[Category:Enumerations]]
[[Category:04-Four]]