檢視 Five perfections 五圓滿／五決定的原始碼

The '''five perfections''' (Tib. ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ལྔ་; [[Wyl.]] ''phun sum tshogs pa lnga'') or '''[[five certainties]]''' (Tib. ངེས་པ་ལྔ། ; Wyl. ''nges pa lnga'') are: 
#the perfect teacher, (Tib. སྟོན་པ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་) 上師圓滿
#the perfect teaching, (Tib. ཆོས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་) 教法圓滿
#the perfect place, (Tib. གནས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་) 處所圓滿
#the perfect disciples (Tib. འཁོར་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་) 眷屬圓滿 and 
#the perfect time. (Tib. དུས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་) 時間圓滿

According to the [[Shravakayana]], this refers to the [[Buddha]] [[Shakyamuni]] and the various moments and geographical locations in which he expounded the [[dharma]] to his disciples. According to the [[Mahayana]], this refers to the [[sambhogakaya]] buddhas such as [[Vairochana]], expounding the teachings of the [[Mahayana|Great Vehicle]] in various [[buddha field]]s, in the eternal present beyond time, to a vast retinue of [[bodhisattva]]s residing on the tenth [[bhumi|ground]]. In the latter case the five perfections are also called the five certainties.  <ref>Jikmé Lingpa’s ''Treasury of Precious Qualities'', page 413,Translated by the Padmakara Translation Group, published by Shambhala, ISBN 1-57062-598-0 </ref>

根據吉美林巴的《功德藏》，就聲聞乘來說，指的是釋迦牟尼佛與他對弟子傳法的種種不同時間和地理場所；就大乘來說，指的是毘廬遮那等報身佛於超越時間的恆時當下，在種種不同佛土，對廣大的十地菩薩眷屬講述大乘教導；以後者而言，五圓滿又稱為五決定。

==References==
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==Alternative Translations==
*Five excellences (Padmakara Translation Group)

[[Category:Enumerations]]
[[Category:05-Five]]