檢視 Eight practice lineages 八大傳承的原始碼

'''Eight Practice Lineages''' aka the '''Eight Great Chariots of the Practice Lineage''' ([[Wyl.]] ''sgrub brgyud shing rta chen mo brgyad'') — the eight principal traditions which 'transported' the Buddhist teachings from India to Tibet. They are:

#[[Nyingma]]—the teachings of the [[kama]], [[terma]] and [[pure vision]] traditions within the Nyingma School of Ancient Translations, which had come down in an aural lineage transmitted by countless learned and accomplished masters, all thanks to the kindness of Khenpo [[Shantarakshita]], Guru [[Padmasambhava]] and the Dharma-King [[Trisong Deutsen]].
#[[Kadam]]—the divine teachings of the Old and New Kadam traditions, founded by the incomparable and glorious Lord Jowo [[Atisha]] and further developed through the magnificent efforts of [[Lobsang Drakpa]], who was [[Manjushri]] in person.
#[[Lamdré]]/[[Sakya]]—the essential instructions of the 'Path with its Result' (Tib. ''Lamdré''), the heart-essence of the [[mahasiddha]] [[Virupa]], which came down to the glorious Sakyapa founders and their heirs, and were then passed on by the various lineages including those of [[Sakya]], [[Ngor]] and [[Tsar]] (Wyl. ''sa ngor tsar gsum'').
#[[Marpa Kagyü]]—the four streams of teachings within the [[Kagyü]] tradition that stems from [[Marpa]], [[Milarepa]] and [[Gampopa]], and branched into the four major and eight minor Kagyü lineages.
#[[Shangpa Kagyü]]—the golden doctrine of the [[dakini]] [[Niguma]] from the glorious Shangpa Kagyü, which comes from the learned and accomplished [[Khyungpo Naljor]].
#[[Kalachakra]]/'[[Six Branch Practice of Vajrayoga]]' (Tib. ''Jordruk''; Wyl. ''sbyor drug'')—the 'Six-Branched Application', which emphasizes the Vajra Yoga of the [[dzogrim|perfection stage]] of the splendid [[Kalachakra]], and which came to Tibet from the noble Dharma-kings of India and others such as Kalapada in early, intermediate and later phases, and developed into seventeen traditions, which were then brought together and passed on by the renunciate [[Tukjé Tsöndru]] and others.
#[[Shyijé]] and [[Chö]]—the noble teachings of the 'Pacifying of Suffering' Tradition coming from [[Padampa Sangyé]] together with the profound teachings on the objects of severance, or Chö, which were passed on by [[Machik Lapdrön]] and others.
#'[[Approach and Accomplishment of the Three Vajras]]'—the teachings bestowed on the [[mahasiddha]] [[Orgyenpa Rinchen Pal]] by the mother of the buddhas, [[Vajrayogini]] herself. 

''Note'': the [[Jonang]] and [[Gelug]] schools are not part of this list because they formed within Tibet.

八大車乘（八大傳承）：
一、寧瑪巴（舊譯傳承）
二、噶當巴（佛語傳承）
三、朗居/薩迦巴（道果傳承）
四、瑪爾巴噶舉（瑪爾巴口耳傳承）
五、香巴噶舉（香巴口耳傳承）
六、息解（能寂傳承）、倔（斷境傳承）
七、究竹（金剛瑜伽傳承；時輪六支傳承；覺囊傳承）
八、多傑頌吉涅竹（三金剛誦修傳承；鄔金涅竹傳承）
參見：http://www.decode.org.tw/page/1162#.E6.B8.85.E6.99.B0.E7.B0.A1.E8.A6.81.E7.9A.84.E3.80.8C.E9.9B.AA.E5.9F.9F.E4.BD.9B.E6.95.99.E5.8F.B2.E8.A9.B1.E3.80.8D.EF.BC.8C.E8.88.87.E6.82.A8.E5.85.B1.E4.BA.AB.EF.BC.81A+Brief+History+of+Tibetan+Buddhism+by+Prof.+Chu+

==History==
Although these eight practice lineages figure prominently in the literature of the [[Rimé movement]], especially, for example, the ''[[Treasury of Precious Instructions]]'' of [[Jamgön Kongtrul]], and [[Gyurme Pema Namgyal|Shechen Gyaltsab]]'s history of the teachings, the list pre-dates the movement by about 200 years. The list may be derived from an earlier list of the most important figures in each lineage, the so-called '[[eight great pillars of the practice lineage]]', first mentioned by the 16th century master [[Tertön Sherab Özer]].

==Further Reading==
===In Tibetan===
*''sgrub brgyud shing rta chen mo brgyad kyi bsdus 'grel'', mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1999

===In English===
*Jamgön Kongtrul Lodrö Tayé, ''The Treasury of Knowledge, Book Eight, Part Four: Esoteric Instructions, A Detailed Presentation of the Process of Meditation in Vajrayana'', Snow Lion, 2007
*Matthew Kapstein, 'gDams-ngag: Tibetan Technologies of the Self' in Cabezón and Jackson, ed., ''Tibetan Literature: Studies in Genre'', Snow Lion, 1996
*Ngawang Zangpo, ''Jamgon Kongtrul's Retreat Manual'', Snow Lion, 1994 
*[[Ringu Tulku]], ''The Ri-me Philosophy of Jamgön Kongtrul the Great'', Shambhala Publications, 2006


[[Category:Schools and Lineages]]
[[Category:Enumerations]]
[[Category:08-Eight]]