檢視 Nirvana 涅槃的原始碼

'''Nirvana''' (Skt. ''nirvāṇa''; Tib. [[མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ་]], ''nya ngen lé dé pa''; [[wyl.]] ''mya ngan las 'das pa'') - literally ‘extinguished’ in Sanskrit and ‘beyond suffering’ in Tibetan; [[enlightenment]] itself. It is the state of peace that results from [[cessation]], the total pacification of all suffering and its causes.

==Subdivisions==
As a blanket term, 'nirvana' indicates the various levels of [[enlightenment]] attainable in both the [[Shravakayana]], [[Pratyekabuddha yana]] and [[Mahayana]], namely, the enlightenment of the [[shravakas]], [[pratyekabuddhas]], and [[buddha]]s. It should be noted, however, that when nirvana, or enlightenment, is understood simply as emancipation from [[samsara]] (the goal, in other words, of the [[Hinayana]]), it is not understood as [[buddhahood]]. As expounded in the Mahayana, buddhahood utterly transcends both the suffering of samsara and the peace of nirvana. Buddhahood is therefore referred to as ‘[[non-abiding nirvana]]’, in other words, a state that abides neither in the extreme of samsara nor in that of peace.<ref>From the glossary in the ''Treasury of Precious Qualities'' translated by Padmakara Translation Group.</ref>

[[Patrul Rinpoche]], in his commentary on the ''[[Abhisamayalankara]]'', explains that the texts of the [[Madhyamika]] tradition mention four types of nirvana:
#natural nirvana, which is the inherent state of everything.
#[[non-abiding nirvana]], which is the great nirvana beyond both ordinary samsaric existence and the lesser nirvana of the [[basic vehicle]].
#nirvana with remainder, which is the realization attained by the [[arhat]]s of the basic vehicle who have not yet relinquished their psycho-physical aggregates.
#nirvana without remainder, the consummate realization of the arhats of the basic vehicle, who have passed into a state of [[cessation]], leaving their pscycho-physical aggregates behind.

==References==
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==Internal Links==
*[[samsara]]

[[Category: Key Terms]]
[[Category: Paths and Stages]]