檢視 Four obscurations 四障的原始碼

[[Image:Skycloudsun.jpg|thumb|350px|The sun covered by clouds, a common metaphor for [[buddha nature]] obscured by the obscurations]]'''Four obscurations''' (Tib. ''dribpa shyi''; [[Wyl.]] ''sgrib pa bzhi''). There are four [[obscurations]] that hinder us from realizing our true nature. They are: 
*[[karmic obscurations]], 
*[[emotional obscurations]], 
*[[cognitive obscurations]] and 
*[[habitual obscurations]]. 

==Commentary==
[[Yukhok Chatralwa Chöying Rangdrol]] says:

:'''Karmic obscurations''' include naturally [[negative actions]] and infringements of vows. 

:'''Emotional obscurations''' were defined by Lord [[Maitreya]] as:

::Any thought involving avarice and so on
::Is held to be an emotional obscuration. 

:Any thought involving avarice, lack of ethical discipline and so on, which impedes the pure enactment of the [[six paramitas|transcendent perfections]], is held to be an emotional obscuration.

:Regarding '''cognitive obscurations''', Lord Maitreya says:

::Any thought involving subject, object and action,
::Is held to be a cognitive obscuration. 

:Any thought involving the three conceptual spheres of subject, object and action, which impedes the complete accomplishment of the transcendent perfections, is held to be a cognitive obscuration.

:The '''habitual obscurations''' are explained according to the [[sutra]]s as extremely subtle forms of cognitive obscuration, like the scent left behind in a container which once held musk. In the [[mantra]] tradition, they are the habitual tendencies of the transference of the [[three appearances]], which are to be overcome by vajra-like primordial wisdom. 

:What do these four kinds of obscuration obscure?
::Naturally negative actions obscure the temporary attainment of the [[three higher realms|higher realms]].
::Infringements of vows obscure the temporary attainment of the higher realms and the ultimate attainment of the three kinds of [[enlightenment]].
::Emotional obscurations obscure [[liberation]].
::Cognitive obscurations and habitual obscurations obscure the level of [[omniscience]].

==Further Reading==
*[[Khenpo Ngawang Palzang]], ''[[A Guide to the Words of My Perfect Teacher]]'' (Boston & London: Shambhala, 2004), pages 221-225.
*[[Thinley Norbu]], ''The Small Golden Key'' (Shambhala Publications, 1999), '11. The Four Obscurations'.

[[Category:Key Terms]]
[[Category:Enumerations]]
[[Category:04-Four]]