檢視 Buddha 佛／佛陀的原始碼

[[Image:BuddhaSmall.jpg|thumb|[[Buddha Shakyamuni]]]]
'''Buddha''' (Skt. ''Buddha''; Tib. [[སངས་རྒྱས་]], ''Sangyé''; [[Wyl.]] ''sangs rgyas''), usually refers to [[Shakyamuni Buddha]], the Indian prince Gautama Siddhartha, who reached [[enlightenment]] in the sixth century B.C., and who taught the spiritual path followed by millions all over Asia, known today as [[Buddhism]]. Buddha, however, also has a much deeper meaning. It means anyone who has completely awakened from [[ignorance]] and opened to his or her vast potential for [[wisdom]]. A buddha is one who has brought a final end to [[suffering]] and frustration and discovered a lasting and deathless happiness and peace.

佛／佛陀，常指「釋迦摩尼佛」，印度喬達摩悉達多王子，在公元六世紀獲致正覺並教授修行之道，此修道於今稱為「佛教」，在整個亞洲有數百萬計的跟隨者。不過，此詞也有更深層的意思，指的是任何從無明中徹底覺醒且全然彰顯廣大智慧潛藏力的人。已使苦難與挫折終盡並找到長久無死的安樂與寂靜者，稱之。

==Etymology==
The Tibetan term for Buddha, སངས་རྒྱས་, ''Sangyé'', is explained as follows:

:སངས་, ''Sang'' means ‘awakening’ from the sleep of ignorance, and ‘purifying’ the darkness of both [[emotional obscurations]] and [[cognitive obscurations]]. 
:[[རྒྱས་པ་|རྒྱས་]], ''Gyé'' means ‘opening’, like a blossoming lotus flower, to all that is knowable, and ‘developing’ the [[wisdom of omniscience]]—the knowledge of the true nature of things, just as they are, and the knowledge of all things in their multiplicity.

The ''[[Seventy Verses on Taking Refuge]]'' says:

:One who sleeps no more in ignorance,
:And in whom genuine wisdom is brought forth,
:Has truly awoken as an awakened buddha,
:Just as one wakes from ordinary sleep.

As it says, ‘awakened’ means that ending the slumber of ignorance is like waking from sleep. And:

:Their minds have opened to all that is knowable,
:And they have overcome the tight seal of delusion,
:So the awakened have blossomed like lotus flowers.

As it says, they are like ‘blossoming’ lotus petals in the sense that through their genuine wisdom they have overcome the tendency to ‘shut down’ through lack of knowledge, and their minds are open to all that can be known.

==Kayas & Wisdoms==
[[Image:Samantabhadra.jpg|thumb|The [[Dharmakaya]] Buddha [[Samantabhadra]]]]
Buddhas are spoken of in terms of the kayas and wisdoms.

===Three Kayas===
#[[dharmakaya]], 
#[[sambhogakaya]] and 
#[[nirmanakaya]]. 

The three 'bodies' of a [[buddha]]. They relate not only to the truth in us, as three aspects of the true [[nature of mind]], but to the truth in everything. Everything we perceive around us is nirmanakaya; its nature, light or energy is sambhogakaya; and its inherent truth, the dharmakaya.

===Five Wisdoms===
#[[wisdom of dharmadhatu]]
#[[mirror-like wisdom]]
#[[wisdom of equality]]
#[[wisdom of discernment]]
#[[all-accomplishing wisdom]]

[[Sogyal Rinpoche]] writes:
:You can also think of the [[nature of mind]] like a mirror, with five different powers or 'wisdoms.' Its openness and vastness is the '''wisdom of all-encompassing space''' [or dharmadhatu], the womb of compassion. Its capacity to reflect in precise detail whatever comes before it is the '''mirror-like wisdom'''. Its fundamental lack of any bias toward any impression is the '''equalizing wisdom''' [or wisdom of equality]. Its ability to distinguish clearly, without confusing in any way the various different phenomena that arise, is the '''wisdom of discernment'''. And its potential of having everything already accomplished, perfected, and spontaneously present is the '''all-accomplishing wisdom'''. <ref>''[[The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying]]'', p. 157</ref>

These five wisdoms may be condensed into '''two''': 
*‘the wisdom that knows the nature of all phenomena’ which comprises the wisdom of the dharmadhatu, mirror-like wisdom and the wisdom of equality; and 
*‘the wisdom that knows the multiplicity of phenomena’ which comprises discriminating and all-accomplishing wisdom. 

They can all be condensed into a '''single''' wisdom: the [[wisdom of omniscience]].

==Twelve Deeds==
[[Image:Buddha12deeds.jpg|thumb|The [[Twelve deeds]] of a Buddha]]
Supreme nirmanakaya buddhas display the [[twelve deeds]]:

#the descent from [[Tushita]], the Joyous pure land (''dga' ldan gyi gnas nas 'pho ba''),
#entering the mother’s womb (''lhums su zhugs pa''),
#taking birth<ref>In the case of Buddha Shakyamuni, this was in the [[Lumbini]] garden.</ref> (''sku bltams pa''),
#becoming skilled in various arts (''bzo yi gnas la mkhas pa''),
#delighting in the company of royal consorts (''btsun mo'i 'khor dgyes rol ba''),
#developing renunciation and becoming ordained (''rab tu byung ba''),
#practicing austerities for six years (''dka' ba spyad pa''),
#proceeding to the foot of the [[bodhi tree]] (''byang chub snying por gshegs pa''),
#overcoming [[Mara]]’s hosts (''bdud btul ba''),
#becoming fully [[enlightenment|enlightened]] (''mngon par rdzogs par sangs rgyas pa''),
#turning the wheel of [[Dharma]] (''chos kyi 'khor lo bskor ba''), and
#passing into [[parinirvana|mahaparinirvana]] <ref>In the case of Buddha Shakyamuni, this was in the city of [[Kushinagara]].</ref> (''mya ngan las 'das pa'')

==Qualities==
===Eight Qualities of a Buddha===
[[Image:Maitreya.jpg|thumb|[[Maitreya]], the future Buddha]]
The qualities of a Buddha are immeasurable. Yet according to [[Maitreya]]'s ''[[Uttaratantra Shastra]]'', they can be condensed in eight qualities of the [[two-fold benefit]] of self and others:

Benefit of self:<br>
1)	Self-arisen wisdom<br>
2)	Unconditioned body<br>
3)	Spontaneously perfect<br>

Benefit of others:<br>
4)	Knowledge<br>
5)	Love<br>
6)	Power<br>

And 7) the benefit of self and 8) the benefit of others.

==How a Buddha teaches==
When the teacher is a fully enlightened buddha, he teaches through his [[Three Types of Miraculous Ability | three types of miraculous ability]]. <ref>[[Patrul Rinpoche]], ''Preliminary Points To be Explained when Teaching the Buddha's Word or the Treatises'', translated by Adam Pearcey.</ref>

==Notes==
<small><references/></small>

==Further Reading==
*[[Khenpo Ngawang Palzang]], ''[[A Guide to the Words of My Perfect Teacher]]'', Shambhala, 2004, pages 101-107.

==Internal Links==
*[[1002 buddhas of this Fortunate Aeon]]
*[[Buddhas of the five families]]
*[[Three kayas]]

[[Category:Key Terms]]
[[Category:Buddhas and Deities]]
[[Category:Three Jewels]]